Ammonia
Ammonia | |
| Formula | H3N |
| Structure | |
| Description | Colorless gas with a pungent odor. |
| Uses | Manufacture nitric acid, explosives, synthetic fibers, fertilizers, in refrigeration & chemical industry. |
| Registry Numbers and Inventories. | |
| CAS | 7664-41-7 |
| EC (EINECS/ELINCS) | 231-635-3 |
| EC Index Number | 007-001-00-5 |
| EC Class | Flammable; Toxic; Corrosive; Dangerous for the Environment |
| RTECS | BO0875000 |
| RTECS class | Agricultural Chemical and Pesticide; Tumorigen; Mutagen; Human Data |
| UN (DOT) | 1005 |
| Merck | 12,517 |
| Beilstein/Gmelin | 79 (G) |
| EPA OPP | 5302 |
| Swiss Giftliste 1 | G-1099 |
| Canada DSL/NDSL | DSL |
| US TSCA | Listed |
| Austrailia AICS | Listed |
| New Zealand | Listed |
| Japan ENCS (MITI) | Listed |
| Korea ECL | Listed |
| Properties. | |
| Formula | H3N |
| Formula mass | 17.03 |
| Melting point, °C | -77 |
| Boiling point, °C | -33 |
| Decomposition point, °C | 500 |
| Vapor pressure, mmHg | 7510 (25 C) |
| Critical temperature | 132.4 |
| Critical pressure | 111.5 |
| Density | 0.77 g/cm3 |
| Solubility in water | 54 g/100 mL |
| Viscosity | 0.475 cp |
| Surface tension | 23.4 g/s2 at 11.1 C |
| Refractive index | 1.355 |
| Dielectric constant | 3.03 (-150 C) |
| pKa/pKb | 4.75 (pKb) |
| Thermal expansion | 0.0028/K at 0 C |
| Heat of fusion | 58.1 kJ/mol |
| Heat of vaporization | 23.3 kJ/mol |
| Heat of combustion | -316 kJ/mol |
| Hazards and Protection. | |
| Storage | Keep in a cool, dry, dark location in a tightly sealed container or cylinder. Keep away from incompatible materials, ignition sources and untrained individuals. Secure and label area. Protect containers/cylinders from physical damage. |
| WHMIS | A B1 D1A E |
| Handling | All chemicals should be considered hazardous. Avoid direct physical contact. Use appropriate, approved safety equipment. Untrained individuals should not handle this chemical or its container. Handling should occur in a chemical fume hood. |
| Protection | Wear appropriate protective gloves, clothing and goggles. |
| Respirators | Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). |
| Small spills/leaks | Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. Vapor knockdown water is corrosive or toxic and should be diked for containment. Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash or cement powder. Neutralize with vinegar or other dilute acid. Water spill: Neutralize with dilute acid. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates. |
| Stability | Stable. Reactive only under extreme conditions. Reacts vigorously with oxidizing materials.. |
| Incompatibilities | Reacts violently or produces explosive products with fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine and bromine pentafluoride and chlorine trifluoride May react violently with boron halides, ethylene oxide (polymerization), perchlorates and strong oxidizing agents (chromyl chloride, chromium trioxide, chromic acid, nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide, chlorates, fluorine, nitrogen oxide, liquid oxygen). |
| Decomposition | Shock-sensitive compounds are formed with mercury, silver and gold oxides. |
| Fire. | ||||
| Flash Point,°C | 11 | |||
| Autoignition, °C | 651 | |||
| Upper exp. limit, % | 30 | |||
| Lower exp. limit, % | 15 | |||
| Fire fighting | Wear positive pressure breathing apparatus and full protective clothing.Small fires: dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Large fires: water spray, fog or foam. Apply water gently to the surface. Do not get water inside container. Move container from fire area if you can do it without risk. Stay away from ends of tanks. Cool containers that are exposed to flames with water from the side until well after fire is out. Isolate area until gas has dispersed. | |||
| Fire potential | Slightly flammable. Will burn at high concentration. At 1290 fahrenheit or in presence of electric spark decomposes into n and h. Forms flammable mixtures with air. Presence of combustibles increases hazard. | |||
| Hazards | Mixing of ammonia with several chemicals can cause severe fire hazards and/or explosions. Ammonia in container may explode in heat of fire. Incompatible with many materials including silver and gold salts, halogens, alkali metals, nitrogen trichloride, potassium chlorate, chromyl chloride, oxygen halides, acid vapors, azides, ethylene oxide, picric acid and many other chemicals. Mixing with other chemicals and water. Hazardous polymerization may not occur. | |||
| NFPA | Health | 3 | ||
| Flammability | 1 | |||
| Reactivity | 0 | |||
| Health. | |
| Exposure limit(s) | OSHA PEL: TWA 50 ppm (35 mg/m3) NIOSH REL: TWA 25 ppm (18 mg/m3) ST 35 ppm (27 mg/m3) NIOSH IDLH: 300 ppm |
| Poison_Class | 2 |
| Exposure effects | Increases in blood pressure and pulse have been reported. An altered mental status (coma) may be seen, but is not characteristic unless hypoxemia occurs. Seizures may occur with extensive absorption. Decreased egg production has occurred in experimental animals. Ammonia crosses the ovine placental barrier. <br>No information about possible male reproductive effects was found in available references. |
| Ingestion | Nausea and vomiting occur frequently following ingestion. Swelling of the lips, mouth, and larynx, and oral or esophageal burns may occur if concentrated ammonia solutions are ingested. |
| Inhalation | Vapors are extremely irritating and corrosive. |
| Skin | Concentrated ammonia may produce liquifaction necrosis and deep penetrating burns. |
| Eyes | A small quantity in the eye will cause permanent damage. Also frostbite. Vapor causes a burning sensation and irritation. Cold vapor may cause frostbite |
First aid |
|
| Ingestion | Seek medical assistance. |
| Inhalation | Move victim to fresh air. Apply artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; induce artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Effects may be delayed. |
| Skin | Remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. A physician should examine the area if irritation or pain persists. |
| Eyes | In case of contact with liquefied gas, thaw frosted parts with lukewarm water Immediately flush skin with running water for at least 20 minutes. |
| Transport. | ||
| UN number | 1005 |  |
| Response guide | 125 | |
| Hazard class | 2.3 | |
| PRTC | T | |
| USCG CHRIS Code | AMA | |
| USCG Compatatibility Group | 6 Ammonia | |
| Std. Transport # | 4904220 4904240 4904275 | |
| IMO Gas Code | B | |