Phenol
- Carbolic acid
- Hydroxybenzene
- Phenic acid
- Phenol hydrate
- Phenol, molten (UN 2312)
- Phenol, solution (UN 2821)
Phenol | |
| |
| Formula | C6H5OH |
| Structure | |
| Description | Colorless, white or pink crystalline solid, or thick liquid, with a distinct, sweet, acrid, tarry odor. |
| Uses | General disinfectant in soln or mixed with slaked lime, etc, for toilets, stables, cesspools, floors, drains, etc, manufacture of colorless or light-colored artificial resins, many medical & indust organic compound & dyes, reagent in chemical analysis. |
| Registry Numbers and Inventories. | |
| CAS | 108-95-2 |
| EC (EINECS/ELINCS) | 203-632-7 |
| EC Index Number | 604-001-00-2 |
| EC Class | Toxic; Corrosive |
| EC Risk Phrase | R 24/25 34 |
| EC Safety Phrase | S 28 45 |
| RTECS | SJ3325000 |
| RTECS class | Agricultural Chemical and Pesticide; Tumorigen; Mutagen; Reproductive Effector; Human Data; Primary Irritant |
| UN (DOT) | 1671, 2312, 2821 |
| Merck | 12,7390 |
| Beilstein/Gmelin | 969616 |
| Beilstein Reference | 4-07-00-01638 |
| RCRA | U188 |
| EPA OPP | 64001 |
| Swiss Giftliste 1 | G-2713 |
| Canada DSL/NDSL | DSL |
| US TSCA | Listed |
| Austrailia AICS | Listed |
| New Zealand | Listed |
| Japan ENCS (MITI) | Listed |
| Korea ECL | Listed |
| Properties. | |
| Formula | C6H6O |
| Formula mass | 94.11 |
| Melting point, °C | 40.8 |
| Boiling point, °C | 181.7 |
| Vapor pressure, mmHg | 0.4 (20 C) |
| Vapor density (air=1) | 3.24 |
| Saturation Concentration | 0.047% (20 C) |
| Evaporization number | <0.01 (butyl acetate = 1) |
| Critical temperature | 421 |
| Critical pressure | 60.5 |
| Density | 1.0722 g/cm3 (20 C) |
| Solubility in water | 94 g/L (25 C) |
| Viscosity | 3.437 cp (50 C) |
| Surface tension | 38.20 g/s2 (50 C) |
| Refractive index | 1.5425 (20 C) |
| Dipole moment | 1.5 (25 C) |
| Dielectric constant | 2.95 (20 C) |
| pKa/pKb | 9.994 (pKa) |
| Partition coefficient, pKow | 1.46 |
| Heat of fusion | 11.3 kJ/mol |
| Heat of vaporization | 57.8 kJ/mol |
| Heat of combustion | -3053.5 kJ/mol |
| Hazards and Protection. | |
| Storage | Keep away from heat, sparks, and flame. Keep away from sources of ignition. Keep container closed when not in use. Store in a tightly closed container. Keep from contact with oxidizing materials. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances. Refrigerator (approx 4 C). Store protected from moisture. Store protected from light. |
| WHMIS | B3 D1A D2B E |
| Handling | Wash thoroughly after handling. Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. Use only in a well ventilated area. Minimize dust generation and accumulation. Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing. Empty containers retain product residue, (liquid and/or vapor), and can be dangerous. Keep container tightly closed. Avoid contact with heat, sparks and flame. Do not ingest or inhale. Store protected from light. Discard contaminated shoes. Do not pressurize, cut, weld, braze, solder, drill, grind, or expose empty containers to heat, sparks or open flames. |
| Protection | Eyes: Wear appropriate protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles as described by OSHA's eye and face protection regulations in 29 CFR 1910.133 or European Standard EN166. Skin: Wear appropriate protective gloves to prevent skin exposure. Clothing: Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin exposure. |
| Respirators | A respiratory protection program that meets OSHA's 29 CFR 1910.134 and ANSI Z88.2 requirements or European Standard EN 149 must be followed whenever workplace conditions warrant a respirator's use. |
| Small spills/leaks | Absorb spill with inert material, (e.g., dry sand or earth), then place into a chemical waste container. Clean up spills immediately, using the appropriate protective equipment. Avoid generating dusty conditions. Remove all sources of ignition. Use a spark-proof tool. Provide ventilation. |
| Stability | Stable under normal temperatures and pressures. |
| Incompatibilities | Strong oxidizing agents, acids, isocyanates, acetaldehyde, nitrides (e.g. potassium nitride, sodium nitride), calcium hypochlorite, peroxomonosulfuric acid, nitrobenzene, sodium nitrite, aluminum chloride, peroxydisulfuric acid, 1,3-butadiene, boron trifluoride diethyl ether. |
| Decomposition | Carbon monoxide, irritating and toxic fumes and gases, carbon dioxide. |
| Fire. | ||||
| Flash Point,°C | 81 | |||
| Autoignition, °C | 595 | |||
| Upper exp. limit, % | 9.5 | |||
| Lower exp. limit, % | 1.3 | |||
| Fire fighting | Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear. During a fire, irritating and highly toxic gases may be generated by thermal decomposition or combustion. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. This material in sufficient quantity and reduced particle size is capable of creating a dust explosion. Containers may explode when heated. To extinguish fire, use water, dry chemical, chemical foam, or alcohol-resistant foam. Use water spray to cool fire-exposed containers. Use agent most appropriate to extinguish fire. | |||
| Fire potential | May burn but does not ignite readily. | |||
| Hazards | Flammable vapors when heated. Runoff from fire control water may give off poisonous gases and cause pollution. Mixtures of 9-10% phenol in air are explosive. Avoid aluminum chloride/nitrobenzene mixture, peroxodisulfuric acid, peroxomonosulfuric acid and strong oxidizing agents. Decomposes slowly on air contact. Avoid contact with strong oxidizing agents. | |||
| Combustion products | Unburned vapor is toxic Yields flammable vapors when heated, which will form explosive mixtures with air | |||
| NFPA | Health | 4 | ||
| Flammability | 2 | |||
| Reactivity | 0 | |||
| Health. | |
| Exposure limit(s) | OSHA PEL: TWA 5 ppm (19 mg/m3) skin NIOSH REL: TWA 5 ppm (19 mg/m3) C 15.6 ppm (60 mg/m3) 15-minute skin NIOSH IDLH: 250 ppm |
| Poison_Class | 2 |
| Exposure effects | Chronic inhalation and ingestion may cause effects similar to those of acute inhalation and ingestion. May cause liver and kidney damage. May cause reproductive and fetal effects. Effects may be delayed. Laboratory experiments have resulted in mutagenic effects. Repeated skin contact may cause dermatitis with dark pigmentation of the skin. Animal studies have reported the development of tumors. |
| Ingestion | Harmful if swallowed. May cause severe and permanent damage to the digestive tract. May cause central nervous system depression, characterized by excitement, followed by headache, dizziness, drowsiness, and nausea. Advanced stages may cause collapse, unconsciousness, coma and possible death due to respiratory failure. May cause perforation of the digestive tract. Causes digestive tract burns with immediate pain, swelling of the throat, convulsions, and possible coma. |
| Inhalation | Causes severe irritation of upper respiratory tract with coughing, burns, breathing difficulty, and possible coma. May be fatal if exposed to high concentrations. Aspiration may lead to pulmonary edema. May also cause pallor, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, darkened urine, headache, sweating, convulsions, cyanosis, unconsciousness, fatigue, pulmonary edema and coma. Inhalation at high concentrations may cause CNS depression and asphixiation. |
| Skin | Harmful if absorbed through the skin. Direct skin contact results in white, wrinkled discoloration, followed by severe burns. Phenol solutions may be absorbed through the skin ra pidly to cause systemic poisoning and possible death. |
| Eyes | Contact with liquid or vapor causes severe burns and possible irreversible eye damage. May cause chemical conjunctivitis and corneal damage. |
First aid |
|
| Ingestion | Do NOT induce vomiting. If victim is conscious and alert, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical aid immediately. |
| Inhalation | Get medical aid immediately. Remove from exposure to fresh air immediately. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. DO NOT use mouth-to-mouth respiration. If breathing has ceased apply artificial respiration using oxygen and a suitable mechanical device such as a bag and a mask. |
| Skin | Get medical aid immediately. Immediately flush skin with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash clothing before reuse. Discard contaminated clothing in a manner which limits further exposure. SPEEDY ACTION IS CRITICAL! Destroy contaminated shoes. |
| Eyes | Get medical aid immediately. Do NOT allow victim to rub or keep eyes closed. Extensive irrigation is required (at least 30 minutes). |
| Transport. | ||
| UN number | 1671, 2312, 2821 |  |
| Response guide | 153 | |
| Hazard class | 6.1 | |
| Packing Group | II | |
| USCG CHRIS Code | PHN | |
| USCG Compatatibility Group | 21 Phenols, Cresols | |
| HS Code | 2907 11 00 | |
| Std. Transport # | 4921220 | |
| IMO Chemical Code | 17 | |
| IMO Pollution Category | C | |
| IMO Hazard code | S/P | |