Hydrogen cyanide, solution in alcohol, with not more than 45% Hydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen cyanide, solution in alcohol, with not more than 45% Hydrogen cyanide | |
| Formula | HCN |
| Structure | |
| Description | A clear colorless liquid with a faint odor of bitter almonds. |
| Uses | Former use compressed gas used to exterminate rodents and insects in ships and for killing insects on trees. |
| Registry Numbers and Inventories. | |
| CAS | 74-90-8 |
| EC (EINECS/ELINCS) | 200-821-6 |
| EC Index Number | 006-006-01-7 |
| EC Class | Very toxic; Dangerous for the Environment |
| RTECS | MW6825000 |
| RTECS class | Agricultural Chemical and Pesticide; Human Data |
| UN (DOT) | 1614, 1613 |
| Merck | 12,4836 |
| Beilstein/Gmelin | 1718793 |
| Beilstein Reference | 4-02-00-00050 |
| RCRA | P063 |
| EPA OPP | 45801 |
| Swiss Giftliste 1 | G-1455 |
| Canada DSL/NDSL | DSL |
| US TSCA | Listed |
| Austrailia AICS | Listed |
| New Zealand | Listed |
| Japan ENCS (MITI) | Listed |
| Korea ECL | Listed |
| Properties. | |
| Formula | CHN |
| Formula mass | 27.03 |
| Melting point, °C | -13.4 |
| Boiling point, °C | 25.6 |
| Vapor pressure, mmHg | 742 (25 C) |
| Critical temperature | 184 |
| Critical pressure | 53.23 |
| Density | 0.697 g/cm3 |
| Solubility in water | Miscible |
| Viscosity | 0.26 cp (-28 C) |
| Surface tension | 17.2 g/s2 (25 C) |
| Refractive index | 1.00045 |
| pKa/pKb | 9.2 (pKa) |
| Partition coefficient, pKow | -0.25 |
| Heat of fusion | 8.4 kJ/mol |
| Heat of vaporization | 25.2 kJ/mol |
| Heat of combustion | -664 kJ/mol |
| Hazards and Protection. | |
| Storage | Keep in a cool, dry, dark location in a tightly sealed container or cylinder. Keep away from incompatible materials, ignition sources and untrained individuals. Secure and label area. Protect containers/cylinders from physical damage. |
| Handling | All chemicals should be considered hazardous. Avoid direct physical contact. Use appropriate, approved safety equipment. Untrained individuals should not handle this chemical or its container. Handling should occur in a chemical fume hood. |
| Protection | Wear appropriate protective gloves, clothing and goggles. Always wear thermal protective clothing when handling refrigerated/cryogenic liquids. |
| Respirators | Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). |
| Small spills/leaks | Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. Vapor knockdown water is corrosive or toxic and should be diked for containment. Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash or cement powder. Water spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3), or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). |
| Stability | No data. |
| Incompatibilities | Reacts as an oxidizing agent and as a weak acid Reacts violently with acetaldehyde. |
| Fire. | ||||
| Flash Point,°C | -18 | |||
| Autoignition, °C | 538 | |||
| Upper exp. limit, % | 41 | |||
| Lower exp. limit, % | 6 | |||
| Fire fighting | Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use alcohol foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. | |||
| Fire potential | HIGHLY FLAMMABLE. | |||
| Hazards | Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. May polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. | |||
| Combustion products | Extremely toxic vapors unspecified are generated even at ordinary temperatures. | |||
| NFPA | Health | 4 | ||
| Flammability | 4 | |||
| Reactivity | 1 | |||
| Health. | |
| Exposure limit(s) | TLV: 4.7 ppm; 5 mg/m3 (ceiling values) (skin) (ACGIH 1997). OSHA PEL: TWA 10 ppm (11 mg/m3) skin NIOSH REL: ST 4.7 ppm (5 mg/m3) skin NIOSH IDLH: 50 ppm |
| Poison_Class | 1 |
| Exposure effects | Headache may be an early sign of cyanide poisoning. CNS stimulation with varied presentations may be seen in the early stages of cyanide poisoning. Coma and seizures are common in severe cyanide poisoning. In one case paralysis occurred, and parkinsonian syndromes have been observed. Rare cases of neurological sequelae have been reported. In experimental animals, related cyanide compounds did cause resorptions, malformations and teratogenic effects in the offspring. |
| Ingestion | Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain may occur after ingestion of cyanide salts. |
| Inhalation | Hypoventilation, respiratory tract irritation, or noncardiogenic pulmonary edema may develop. |
| Skin | Cyanide has been said to be absorbed through intact skin. |
| Eyes | Dilated pupils are common in severe poisoning. Retinal arteries and veins that appear equally red on funduscopic examination suggest the diagnosis. Corneal edema may be seen. A burning sensation in the mouth and throat may occur. |
First aid | |
| Ingestion | The possible benefit of early removal of some ingested material by cautious gastric lavage must be weighed against potential complications of bleeding or perforation. Activated charcoal activated charcoal binds most toxic agents and can decrease their systemic absorption if administered soon after ingestion. Activated charcoal: administer charcoal as a slurry (240 ml water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in adults/adolescents. |
| Inhalation | Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with beta2 agonist and corticosteroid aerosols. |
| Skin | Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. Immediately flush with running water for at least 20 minutes. In case of contact with liquefied gas, thaw frosted parts with lukewarm water. Effects may be delayed. |
| Eyes | Immediately flush with running water for at least 20 minutes. |
| Transport. | ||
| UN number | 1614, 1613 |  |
| Response guide | 131 | |
| Hazard class | 6.1 | |
| PRTC | T | |
| USCG CHRIS Code | HCN | |
| Std. Transport # | 4923111 | |