1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane

  • sym-Tetrachloroethane
  • Acetylene tetrachloride
Formula Cl2CHCHCl2
Structure
Description Clear, colorless liquid with a chloroform-like odor.
Uses Nonflammable solvent for fats, oils, waxes, resins, cellulose acetate, copal, phosphorus, sulfur, rubber, solvent in certain types of friedel-crafts reactions, phthalic anhydride condensations, in manufacture of paints, varnish, rust removers, in soil sterilization and weed killer, insecticide formulations, in determination of theobromine in cacao, as immersion fluid in crystallography, in the biological laboratory to produce pathological changes in gi tract, liver & kidneys. Intermediate in manufacture of trichloroethylene & other chlorinated hydrocarbons having two carbon atoms.

Registry Numbers and Inventories.
CAS 79-34-5
EC (EINECS/ELINCS) 201-197-8
EC Index Number 602-015-00-3
EC Class Very toxic; Dangerous for the Environment
EC Risk Phrase R 26/27
EC Safety Phrase S 2 38 45
RTECS KI8575000
RTECS class Agricultural Chemical and Pesticide; Tumorigen; Drug; Mutagen; Human Data
UN (DOT) 1702
Merck 12,9331
Beilstein/Gmelin 969206
Beilstein Reference 4-01-00-00144
RCRA U209
EPA OPP 78601
Swiss Giftliste 1 G-42686
Canada DSL/NDSL DSL
US TSCA Listed
Austrailia AICS Listed
New Zealand Listed
Japan ENCS (MITI) Listed
Korea ECL Listed

Odor Threshold Odor threshold less than 3 ppm
Properties.
Formula C2H2Cl4
Formula mass 167.85
Melting point, °C -43
Boiling point, °C 146.3
Vapor pressure, mmHg 8 (20 C)
Vapor density (air=1) 5.79
Evaporization number 0,65 (butyl acetate=1)
Critical temperature 372
Critical pressure 40.4
Density 1.595 g/cm3 (20 C)
Solubility in water 2.9 g/L (25 C)
Viscosity 1.46 cp (30 C)
Surface tension 34.4 g/s2 (30 C)
Refractive index 1.49419 (20 C)
Dipole moment 1.31 D (25 C)
Dielectric constant 8.42 (20 C)
Partition coefficient, pKow 2.39
Heat of vaporization 45.2 kJ/mol
Heat of combustion -8346 kJ/mol

Hazards and Protection.
Storage Do not store in direct sunlight. Keep containers tightly closed. Do not expose to air. Store under an inert atmosphere.
WHMIS D1A D2A
Handling Wash thoroughly after handling. Wash hands before eating. Avoid breathing dust, vapor, mist, or gas. Keep container tightly closed. Handle under an inert atmosphere. Store protected from air. Avoid mechanical shock and friction.
Protection Eyes: Wear appropriate protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles as described by OSHA's eye and face protection regulations in 29 CFR 1910.133 or European Standard EN166. Skin: Wear appropriate gloves to prevent skin exposure. Wear impervious gloves. Wear an impervious apron. Clothing: Wear appropriate protective clothing to minimize contact with skin. Wear an impervious apron.
Respirators Wear a NIOSH/MSHA or European Standard EN 149 approved full-facepiece airline respirator in the positive pressure mode with emergency escape provisions.
Small spills/leaks Absorb spill with inert material, (e.g., dry sand or earth), then place into a chemical waste container. Avoid runoff into storm sewers and ditches which lead to waterways. Provide ventilation. Do not get water inside containers.
Stability Stable under ordinary conditions of use and storage. Unusual exposure to light in the presence of air may form small amounts of phosgene.
Incompatibilities Reacts with chemically active metals, fuming sulfuric acid and strong caustics. Attacks most plastics and rubber.
Decomposition Hydrogen chloride, phosgene, carbon monoxide, irritating and toxic fumes and gases, carbon dioxide.

Fire.
Flash Point,°C 62
Fire fighting Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear. Extinguishing media: Substance is noncombustible; use agent most appropriate to extinguish surrounding fire. Do NOT get water inside containers. Do NOT use straight streams of water. For small fires, use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or water spray. For large fires, use water spray, fog or regular foam. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Fire potential Substance is noncombustible.
Hazards Containers may explode in the heat of a fire. Vapors may be heavier than air. They can spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas.
Combustion products Combustion generates toxic fumes. During a fire, irritating and highly toxic gases may be generated by thermal decomposition or combustion.
NFPA Health 3
  Flammability 0  
  Reactivity 0  

Health.
Exposure limit(s) OSHA PEL: TWA 5 ppm (35 mg/m3) skin NIOSH REL: Ca TWA 1 ppm (7 mg/m3) skin See Appendix A See Appendix C (Chloroethanes) NIOSH IDLH: Potential occupational carcinogen 100 ppm
Carcinogin G-A3, CP65
Poison_Class 1*
Exposure effects Chronic exposure can produce the same life threatening health effects noted for inhalation exposure above. Chronic exposure may also affect liver, gastrointestinal tract and blood-forming organs. Considered to be the most toxic of the common chlorinated hydrocarbons.
   Ingestion Highly toxic via ingestion. Symptoms parallel those from inhalation. Causes irritation to the gastrointestinal tract. Symptoms may include nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.
   Inhalation Highly toxic. Strong irritant of the mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract. Initial symptoms may include irritation of the nose and throat, salivation. Continued exposure may produce restlessness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting and narcosis. Symptoms may progress to a more serious illness with jaundice, liver tenderness, lung edema, and possibly convulsions and coma before death.
   Skin Causes irritation to skin. Symptoms include redness, itching, and pain. May be absorbed through the skin with possible systemic effects.
   Eyes Vapors cause eye irritation. Splashes cause severe irritation, possible corneal burns and eye damage.

First aid
 
   Ingestion Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Do NOT induce vomiting. If conscious and alert, rinse mouth and drink 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water.
   Inhalation Get medical aid immediately. Remove from exposure to fresh air immediately. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. DO NOT use mouth-to-mouth respiration.
   Skin Get medical aid. Flush skin with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash clothing before reuse.
   Eyes Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid.

Transport.
UN number 1702
Response guide 151
Hazard class 6.1
Packing Group II  
USCG CHRIS Code TEC  
USCG Compatatibility Group 36 Halogenated hydrocarbons
IMO Chemical Code 17
IMO Pollution Category B
IMO Hazard code S/P