1,1-Dichloroethane
- Asymmetrical dichloroethane
- Ethylidene chloride
- 1,1-Ethylidene dichloride
1,1-Dichloroethane | |
| |
| Formula | CH3CHCl2 |
| Structure | |
| Description | A colorless liquid with an ether-like odor. |
| Uses | As a solvent for plastics, oils and fats, cleaning agent, degreaser, in rubber cementing, as a fumigant and insecticide spray, in fabric spreading, in fire extinguishing, medication: formerly used as an anesthetic. |
| Registry Numbers and Inventories. | |
| CAS | 75-34-3 |
| EC (EINECS/ELINCS) | 200-863-5 |
| EC Index Number | 602-011-00-1 |
| EC Class | Highly flammable; Harmful; Irritant; Dangerous for the Environment |
| RTECS | KI0175000 |
| RTECS class | Tumorigen; Mutagen; Reproductive Effector |
| UN (DOT) | 2362 |
| Merck | 12,3856 |
| Beilstein/Gmelin | 1696901 |
| Beilstein Reference | 4-01-00-00130 |
| RCRA | U076 |
| Swiss Giftliste 1 | G-1518 |
| Canada DSL/NDSL | DSL |
| US TSCA | Listed |
| Austrailia AICS | Listed |
| New Zealand | Listed |
| Japan ENCS (MITI) | Listed |
| Properties. | |
| Formula | C2H4Cl2 |
| Formula mass | 98.96 |
| Melting point, °C | -97.2 |
| Boiling point, °C | 57.3 |
| Vapor pressure, mmHg | 227 (25 C) |
| Vapor density (air=1) | 3.44 |
| Critical temperature | 261.5 |
| Critical pressure | 49.9 |
| Density | 1.174 g/cm3 (20 C) |
| Solubility in water | 6 g/L |
| Viscosity | 0.49 cp (20 C) |
| Surface tension | 24.75 g/s2 (20 C) |
| Refractive index | 1.4167 (20 C) |
| Partition coefficient, pKow | 1.9 |
| Heat of vaporization | 28.4 kJ/mol |
| Heat of combustion | -1118 kJ/mol |
| Hazards and Protection. | |
| Storage | Keep away from heat, sparks, and flame. Keep away from sources of ignition. Store in a tightly closed container. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances. Flammables-area. |
| WHMIS | B2 |
| Handling | Wash thoroughly after handling. Use with adequate ventilation. Ground and bond containers when transferring material. Use spark-proof tools and explosion proof equipment. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Empty containers retain product residue, (liquid and/or vapor), and can be dangerous. Keep container tightly closed. Avoid contact with heat, sparks and flame. Avoid ingestion and inhalation. Do not pressurize, cut, weld, braze, solder, drill, grind, or expose empty containers to heat, sparks or open flames. |
| Protection | Eyes: Wear chemical goggles. Wear appropriate protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles as described by OSHA's eye and face protection regulations in 29 CFR 1910.133 or European Standard EN166. Skin: Wear appropriate protective gloves to prevent skin exposure. Clothing: Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin exposure. |
| Respirators | A respiratory protection program that meets OSHA's 29 CFR 1910.134 and ANSI Z88.2 requirements or European Standard EN 149 must be followed whenever workplace conditions warrant a respirator's use. |
| Small spills/leaks | Absorb spill with inert material, (e.g., dry sand or earth), then place into a chemical waste container. Avoid runoff into storm sewers and ditches which lead to waterways. Clean up spills immediately, using the appropriate protective equipment. Remove all sources of ignition. Use a spark-proof tool. Provide ventilation. A vapor suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. |
| Stability | Stable under normal temperatures and pressures. |
| Incompatibilities | Oxidizing agents. |
| Decomposition | Hydrogen chloride, phosgene, carbon monoxide, irritating and toxic fumes and gases, carbon dioxide. |
| Fire. | ||||
| Flash Point,°C | -12 | |||
| Autoignition, °C | 458 | |||
| Upper exp. limit, % | 11.4 | |||
| Lower exp. limit, % | 5.4 | |||
| Fire fighting | Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear. During a fire, irritating and highly toxic gases may be generated by thermal decomposition or combustion. Will burn if involved in a fire. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Extremely flammable liquid. Containers may explode in the heat of a fire. Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flame. Extinguishing media: For small fires, use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam. For large fires, use water spray, fog, or alcohol-resistant foam. Use water spray to cool fire-exposed containers. Water may be ineffective. Do NOT use straight streams of water. | |||
| Fire potential | Quite flammable. | |||
| Hazards | Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. | |||
| Combustion products | When heated to decomposition emits highly toxic fumes to phosgene. | |||
| NFPA | Health | 1 | ||
| Flammability | 3 | |||
| Reactivity | 0 | |||
| Health. | |
| Exposure limit(s) | TLV: 100 ppm; 405 mg/m3 (ACGIH 1992-1993). OSHA PEL: TWA 100 ppm (400 mg/m3) NIOSH REL: TWA 100 ppm (400 mg/m3) See Appendix C (Chloroethanes) NIOSH IDLH: 3000 ppm |
| Carcinogin | CP65 |
| Poison_Class | 2 |
| Exposure effects | Effects may be delayed. |
| Ingestion | May cause gastrointestinal irritation with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. May be harmful if swallowed. Ingestion of large amounts may cause CNS depression. |
| Inhalation | Causes respiratory tract irritation. The toxicological properties of this substance have not been fully investigated. Aspiration may lead to pulmonary edema. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. May cause burning sensation in the chest. |
| Skin | May cause irritation and dermatitis. May cause cyanosis of the extremities. |
| Eyes | Causes eye irritation. May cause chemical conjunctivitis and corneal damage. |
First aid |
|
| Ingestion | Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical aid immediately. Do NOT induce vomiting. If conscious and alert, rinse mouth and drink 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water. |
| Inhalation | Get medical aid immediately. Remove from exposure to fresh air immediately. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. DO NOT use mouth-to-mouth respiration. |
| Skin | Get medical aid. Flush skin with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash clothing before reuse. |
| Eyes | Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid. |
| Transport. | ||
| UN number | 2362 | |
| Response guide | 130 | |
| Hazard class | 3 | |
| Packing Group | II | |
| USCG CHRIS Code | DCH | |
| USCG Compatatibility Group | 36 Halogenated hydrocarbons | |
| Std. Transport # | 4910523 | |
| IMO Chemical Code | 17 | |
| IMO Pollution Category | D | |
| IMO Hazard code | S | |