Bromine | |
| Formula | Br2 |
| Structure | |
| Description | Dark reddish-brown, fuming liquid with suffocating, irritating fumes, lachrymator. |
| Uses | In water disinfection, bleaching fibers and silk, Manufacture medicinal bromine compds, dyestuffs. |
| Registry Numbers and Inventories. | |
| CAS | 7726-95-6 |
| EC (EINECS/ELINCS) | 231-778-1 |
| EC Index Number | 035-001-00-5 |
| EC Class | Very toxic; Corrosive; Dangerous for the Environment |
| EC Risk Phrase | R 26 35 50 |
| EC Safety Phrase | S 7/9 26 45 61 |
| RTECS | EF9100000 |
| RTECS class | Human Data |
| UN (DOT) | 1744 |
| Merck | 13,1378 |
| Beilstein/Gmelin | 1182 (G) |
| EPA OPP | 8701 |
| Swiss Giftliste 1 | G-2164 |
| Canada DSL/NDSL | DSL |
| US TSCA | Listed |
| Austrailia AICS | Listed |
| New Zealand | Listed |
| Korea ECL | Listed |
| Properties. | |
| Formula | Br2 |
| Formula mass | 159.82 |
| Melting point, °C | -7.2 |
| Boiling point, °C | 58.7 |
| Vapor pressure, mmHg | 190 (25 C) |
| Vapor density (air=1) | 5.5 |
| Saturation Concentration | 23% (230,000 ppm) at 20 C (calculated) |
| Critical temperature | 315 |
| Critical pressure | 102 |
| Density | 3.121 g/cm3 (25 C) |
| Solubility in water | Insoluble |
| Viscosity | 0.314 sq mm/s |
| Surface tension | 40.9 g/s2 @ 25 C |
| Thermal expansion | 0.00103819/K |
| Heat of fusion | 120.1 kJ/mol |
| Heat of vaporization | 30.0 kJ/mol |
| Hazards and Protection. | |
| Storage | Keep away from heat, sparks, and flame. Do not store near combustible materials. Do not store in direct sunlight. Store in a tightly closed container. Keep from contact with oxidizing materials. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances. Corrosives area. Keep away from reducing agents. Loosen closure cautiously before opening. |
| Handling | Wash thoroughly after handling. Use only in a well ventilated area. Do not breathe dust, vapor, mist, or gas. Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing. Keep container tightly closed. Avoid contact with clothing and other combustible materials. Avoid ingestion and inhalation. Discard contaminated shoes. |
| Protection | Eyes: Wear appropriate protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles as described by OSHA's eye and face protection regulations in 29 CFR 1910.133 or European Standard EN166. Skin: Wear appropriate protective gloves to prevent skin exposure. Clothing: Wear a chemical apron. Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin exposure. |
| Respirators | Follow the OSHA respirator regulations found in 29CFR 1910.134 or European Standard EN 149. Always use a NIOSH or European Standard EN 149 approved respirator when necessary. |
| Small spills/leaks | Avoid runoff into storm sewers and ditches which lead to waterways. Clean up spills immediately, using the appropriate protective equipment. Use water spray to disperse the gas/vapor. Remove all sources of ignition. Absorb spill with an alkaline material such as soda ash or lime. Carefully scoop up and place into appropriate disposal container. Provide ventilation. Do not get water inside containers. |
| Stability | Stable under normal shipping and handling conditions. |
| Incompatibilities | Reducing agents. |
| Decomposition | Irritating and toxic fumes and gases, hydrogen bromide. |
| Fire. | ||||
| Flash Point,°C | -18 | |||
| Fire fighting | Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear. Strong oxidizer. Contact with combustible materials may cause a fire. During a fire, irritating and highly toxic gases may be generated by thermal decomposition or combustion. Use water with caution and in flooding amounts. Containers may explode in the heat of a fire. Will react with water to form toxic and corrosive fumes. Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Extinguishing media: Do NOT get water inside containers. For small fires, use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or water spray. For large fires, use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, alcohol-resistant foam, or water spray. Contact professional fire-fighters immediately. | |||
| Fire potential | Nonflammable. Strongly oxidizing. Heat of reaction may cause ignition of combustible materials. | |||
| Hazards | Will cause ignition of organic materials spontaneous ignition possible when combined with potassium, phosphorus and tin and a wide variety of other chemicals. It reacts explosively with acetylene, acrylonitrile, ammonia, dimethyl formamide, ethyl phosphine, hydrogen, isobutyrophenone, nickel carbonyl, nitrogen triiodide, ozone, oxygen difluoride, phosphorus, potassium, silver azide, sodium and sodium carbide. When heated it emits highly toxic fumes and will react with water or steam to product toxic and corrosive fumes. Bromine is incompatible with a wide variety of materials including alkali hydroxides; arsenites; ferrous, mercurous salts; hypophosphites and other oxidizable substances. Vaporizes rapidly at room temperature. | |||
| Combustion products | Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. | |||
| NFPA | Health | 3 | ||
| Flammability | 0 | |||
| Reactivity | 0 | |||
| Special | O | |||
| Health. | |
| Exposure limit(s) | OSHA PEL: TWA 0.1 ppm (0.7 mg/m3) NIOSH REL: TWA 0.1 ppm (0.7 mg/m3) ST 0.3 ppm (2 mg/m3) NIOSH IDLH: 3 ppm |
| Poison_Class | 2 |
| Exposure effects | Effects may be delayed. |
| Ingestion | May cause severe and permanent damage to the digestive tract. Causes gastrointestinal tract burns. May cause perforation of the digestive tract. May cause systemic effects. May cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, possibly with blood. |
| Inhalation | Irritation may lead to chemical pneumonitis and pulmonary edema. Causes severe irritation of upper respiratory tract with coughing, burns, breathing difficulty, and possible coma. Causes chemical burns to the respiratory tract. May cause systemic effects. May cause acute pulmonary edema, asphyxia, chemical pneumonitis, and upper airway obstruction caused by edema. |
| Skin | Contact with liquid is corrosive and causes severe burns and ulceration. May cause skin rash (in milder cases), and cold and clammy skin with cyanosis or pale color. |
| Eyes | Causes eye burns. May cause permanent corneal opacification. May cause chemical conjunctivitis and corneal damage. |
First aid |
|
| Ingestion | Do NOT induce vomiting. If victim is conscious and alert, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical aid immediately. |
| Inhalation | Get medical aid immediately. Remove from exposure to fresh air immediately. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. DO NOT use mouth-to-mouth respiration. If breathing has ceased apply artificial respiration using oxygen and a suitable mechanical device such as a bag and a mask. |
| Skin | Get medical aid immediately. Immediately flush skin with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash clothing before reuse. Destroy contaminated shoes. |
| Eyes | Get medical aid immediately. Do NOT allow victim to rub or keep eyes closed. Extensive irrigation is required (at least 30 minutes). |
| Transport. | ||
| UN number | 1744 | |
| Response guide | 154 | |
| Hazard class | 8 | |
| PRTC | T | |
| Packing Group | I | |
| USCG CHRIS Code | BRX | |
| HS Code | 2801 30 90 | |
| Std. Transport # | 4936110 | |