Butyl alcohol

  • n-Butanol
  • 1-Butanol
  • Propyl carbinol
  • Butan-1-ol
Formula CH3(CH2)3OH
Structure
Description Clear, colorless liquid with a characteristic, mildly alcoholic odor.
Uses Is employed as a solvent for paints, lacquers & varnishes, natural & synthetic resins, gums, vegetable oils, dyes & alkaloids. It is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals & chemicals, & employed in industries producing artificial leather, textiles, safety glass, rubber cement, shellac, raincoats, photographic films & perfumes.

Registry Numbers and Inventories.
CAS 71-36-3
EC (EINECS/ELINCS) 200-751-6
EC Index Number 603-004-00-6
EC Class Flammable; Harmful; Irritant; Vapours may cause drowsiness and dizziness
EC Risk Phrase R 10 22 37/38 41 67
EC Safety Phrase S 7/9 13 26 37/39 46
RTECS EO1400000
RTECS class Mutagen; Reproductive Effector; Human Data; Primary Irritant
UN (DOT) 1120
Merck 13,1539
Beilstein/Gmelin 969148
Beilstein Reference 4-01-00-01506
RCRA U031
Swiss Giftliste 1 G-1321
Canada DSL/NDSL DSL
US TSCA Listed
Austrailia AICS Listed
New Zealand Listed
Japan ENCS (MITI) Listed
Korea ECL Listed

Odor Threshold Odor threshold 0.83 ppm
Properties.
Formula C4H10O
Formula mass 74.12
Melting point, °C -89
Boiling point, °C 117.6
Vapor pressure, mmHg 7.24 (25 C)
Vapor density (air=1) 2.6
Saturation Concentration 0.53-0.72% at 20 C
Evaporization number 33 (diethyl ether = 1)
Critical temperature 290
Critical pressure 43.6
Density 0.812 g/cm3 (20 C)
Solubility in water 63 g/L (25 C)
Viscosity 2.55 cp (25 C)
Surface tension 26.28 g/s2 @ 10 C
Refractive index 1.3993 (20 C)
Dipole moment 1.66 D (20 C)
Dielectric constant 17.8 (20 C)
Partition coefficient, pKow 0.88
Heat of fusion 9.3 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization 46.4 kJ/mol
Heat of combustion -2672 kJ/mol

Hazards and Protection.
Storage Keep away from heat, sparks, and flame. Keep away from sources of ignition. Store in a tightly closed container. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances. Store protected from explosives, organic peroxides, poisons, and radioactive materials.
WHMIS B2 D2B
Handling Wash thoroughly after handling. Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. Use only in a well ventilated area. Ground and bond containers when transferring material. Use spark-proof tools and explosion proof equipment. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Empty containers retain product residue, (liquid and/or vapor), and can be dangerous. Avoid contact with heat, sparks and flame. Do not ingest or inhale. Do not pressurize, cut, weld, braze, solder, drill, grind, or expose empty containers to heat, sparks or open flames.
Protection Eyes: Wear appropriate protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles as described by OSHA's eye and face protection regulations in 29 CFR 1910.133 or European Standard EN166. Skin: Wear appropriate protective gloves and appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin exposure.
Respirators A full facepiece respirator with organic vapor cartridge may be worn up to 50 times the exposure limit or the maximum use concentration specified by the appropriate regulatory agency or respirator supplier, whichever is lowest. For emergencies or instances where the exposure levels are not known, use a full-facepiece positive-pressure, air-supplied respirator.
Small spills/leaks Avoid runoff into storm sewers and ditches which lead to waterways. Remove all sources of ignition. Absorb spill using an absorbent, non-combustible material such as earth, sand, or vermiculite. Provide ventilation. A vapor suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Water spray may reduce vapor but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.
Stability Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.
Incompatibilities Oxidizing agents, reducing agents, acid chlorides, alkali metals, aluminum, copper, copper alloys, halogens, organic peroxides, acid anhydrides, chromium trioxide, mineral acids.
Decomposition Carbon monoxide, irritating and toxic fumes and gases, carbon dioxide.

Fire.
Flash Point,°C 34
Autoignition, °C 340
Upper exp. limit, % 11.3
Lower exp. limit, % 1.4
Fire fighting Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear. Extinguishing media: For small fires, use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam. For large fires, use water spray, fog, or alcohol-resistant foam. Use water spray to cool fire-exposed containers. Water may be ineffective. Do NOT use straight streams of water. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Fire potential HIGHLY FLAMMABLE.
Hazards Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. May polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.
Combustion products Toxic gases and vapors (such as carbon monoxide) may be released in a fire involving butyl alcohol.
NFPA Health 1
  Flammability 3  
  Reactivity 0  

Health.
Exposure limit(s) OSHA PEL: TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m3) NIOSH REL: C 50 ppm (150 mg/m3) skin NIOSH IDLH: 1400 ppm LEL
Poison_Class 4
Exposure effects Prolonged or repeated skin contact may cause defatting and dermatitis. May cause reproductive and fetal effects. Laboratory experiments have resulted in mutagenic effects. Prolonged exposure may cause liver, kidney, and heart damage. May cause damage to the auditory nerve (some hearing loss) and vestibular injury.
   Ingestion Causes gastrointestinal irritation with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. May cause systemic toxicity with acidosis. May cause central nervous system depression, characterized by excitement, followed by headache, dizziness, drowsiness, and nausea. Advanced stages may cause collapse, unconsciousness, coma and possible death due to respiratory failure. May be harmful if swallowed. Aspiration may be fatal. May be absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.
   Inhalation Causes respiratory tract irritation. May cause cardiovascular disturbances, hearing abnormalities, central nervous system depression, muscle weakness, and possible death due to respiratory failure. May be absorbed through the lungs.
   Skin Causes severe skin irritation. May be harmful if absorbed through the skin. Repeated or prolonged exposure may cause drying and cracking of the skin.
   Eyes Causes severe eye irritation. May cause corneal edema and inflammation. May cause lacrimation (tearing), blurred vision, and photophobia. Vapors appear to cause a special vacuolar keratopathy in humans.

First aid		  
   Ingestion Induce vomiting immediately as directed by medical personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Call a physician.
   Inhalation Remove from exposure to fresh air immediately. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical aid. DO NOT use mouth-to-mouth respiration. If breathing has ceased apply artificial respiration using oxygen and a suitable mechanical device such as a bag and a mask.
   Skin Get medical aid. Flush skin with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash clothing before reuse.
   Eyes Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid immediately.

Transport.
UN number 1120
Response guide 129
Hazard class 3
Packing Group II; III  
USCG CHRIS Code BAN  
USCG Compatatibility Group 20 Alcohols, Glycols
HS Code 2905 13 00  
Std. Transport # 4910601  
IMO Chemical Code 18
IMO Pollution Category III