Cyanogen
- Ethanedinitrile
- Carbon nitride
- Oxalonitrile
Cyanogen | |
| |
| Formula | C2N2 |
| Structure | |
| Description | A colorless gas with an odor of almonds. |
| Uses | Organic synthesis, welding and cutting metals, fumigant, rocket propellant. |
| Registry Numbers and Inventories. | |
| CAS | 460-19-5 |
| EC (EINECS/ELINCS) | 207-306-5 |
| EC Index Number | 608-011-00-8 |
| EC Class | Highly flammable; Toxic; Dangerous for the Environment |
| RTECS | GT1925000 |
| RTECS class | Human Data; Primary Irritant |
| UN (DOT) | 1026 |
| Merck | 12,2761 |
| Beilstein/Gmelin | 1732464 |
| Beilstein Reference | 4-02-00-01863 |
| RCRA | P031 |
| Swiss Giftliste 1 | G-1447 |
| Canada DSL/NDSL | DSL |
| US TSCA | Listed |
| New Zealand | Listed |
| Properties. | |
| Formula | C2N2 |
| Formula mass | 52.04 |
| Boiling point, °C | -21.17 |
| Vapor pressure, mmHg | 4310 (25 C) |
| Vapor density (air=1) | 1.8 |
| Critical temperature | 127 |
| Critical pressure | 58.2 |
| Density | 1.804 g/cm3 (20 C) (liquid) |
| Solubility in water | Very soluble |
| Viscosity | 0.0098 cp (15 C) |
| Surface tension | 22.82 g/s2 (-25 C) |
| Refractive index | 1.00075 (20 C) |
| Partition coefficient, pKow | 0.07 |
| Heat of fusion | 8.1 kJ/mol |
| Heat of vaporization | 23.3 kJ/mol |
| Heat of combustion | -1099 kJ/mol |
| Hazards and Protection. | |
| Storage | Protect containers against physical damage. Prevent shock. Keep cylinders away from any source of heat. Isolate from acids, acid fumes, or water. Store at in cool, well-ventilated area of noncombustible construction away from any source of ignition. |
| Handling | All chemicals should be considered hazardous. Avoid direct physical contact. Use appropriate, approved safety equipment. Untrained individuals should not handle this chemical or its container. Handling should occur in a chemical fume hood. |
| Protection | Wear appropriate protective gloves, clothing and goggles -- as recommended by the manufacturer. Always wear thermal protective clothing when handling refrigerated/cryogenic liquids. |
| Respirators | Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). |
| Small spills/leaks | Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. |
| Stability | Reactive under confinement, extreme caution. |
| Incompatibilities | It |
| Decomposition | When heated to decomposition. It will produce highly toxic fumes. Toxic gases and vapors (such as hydrogen cyanide and carbon monoxide) may be released when cyanide decomposes. |
| Fire. | ||||
| Flash Point,°C | -91 | |||
| Upper exp. limit, % | 32 | |||
| Lower exp. limit, % | 6 | |||
| Fire fighting | Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Use alcohol foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. | |||
| Fire potential | Very flammable-combustion imminent. | |||
| Hazards | Vapors are heavier than air and may travel to a source of ignition and flash back. Closed containers may rupture violently when heated. | |||
| Combustion products | Unburned vapors are highly toxic. | |||
| NFPA | Health | 4 | ||
| Flammability | 4 | |||
| Reactivity | 1 | |||
| Health. | |
| Exposure limit(s) | NIOSH REL: TWA 10 ppm (20 mg/m3) |
| Poison_Class | 1 |
| Exposure effects | Initially, headache, vertigo, and agitation occur, followed by combative behavior, coma, seizures, and death. |
| Inhalation | Tachypnea, hyperpnea, and dyspnea followed rapidly by respiratory depression are common. Pulmonary edema may occur. |
| Skin | Papules, rashes, pruritus, and ulcerations may occur. |
| Eyes | Burning sensation of mouth and throat, and equally red retinal arteries and veins are common. |
First aid |
|
| Ingestion | Emergency measures - in symptomatic patients advance life support including use of the cyanide antidote kit should be initiated as gastrointestinal decontamination is being prepared. Ipecac induced vomiting is not recommended because of the potential for cns depression and seizures. Activated charcoal: administer charcoal as a slurry (240 ml water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in adults/adolescents. Consider after ingestion of a potentially life-threatening amount of poison if it can be performed soon after ingestion (generally within 1 hour). Oxygen - immediately begin therapy with 100% oxygen. |
| Inhalation | Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with beta2 agonist and corticosteroid aerosols. |
| Skin | Remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. A physician should examine the area if irritation or pain persists. While cyanide can be absorbed through intact skin, most reported cases have involved whole-body immersion in cyanide solutions or large-area burns with molten cyanide solutions. |
| Eyes | Immediately flush with running water for at least 20 minutes. |
| Transport. | ||
| UN number | 1026 | |
| Response guide | 119 | |
| Hazard class | 2.3 | |
| PRTC | T | |
| USCG CHRIS Code | CYG | |
| Std. Transport # | 4920395 | |