Ethyl alcohol
- Ethanol
- Alcohol
- Grain alcohol
- Cologne spirits
- Denatured alcohol
- Fermentation alcohol
Ethyl alcohol | |
| |
| Formula | C2H5OH |
| Structure | |
| Description | Colorless, clear, volatile liquid with a sweet, ethereal odor like wine or whiskey. Denatured ethanol may have an unpleasant odor. Hygroscopic. |
| Uses | In alcoholic beverages, manufacturing of denatured alcohols, pharmaceuticals, in perfumery, in organic synthesis, octane booster in gasoline, solvent and dehydrating agent. |
| Registry Numbers and Inventories. | |
| CAS | 64-17-5 |
| EC (EINECS/ELINCS) | 200-578-6 |
| EC Index Number | 603-002-00-5 |
| EC Class | Highly flammable |
| EC Risk Phrase | R 11 |
| EC Safety Phrase | S 7 16 |
| RTECS | KQ6300000 |
| RTECS class | Tumorigen; Mutagen; Reproductive Effector; Human Data; Primary Irritant |
| UN (DOT) | 1170 |
| Merck | 12,3806 |
| Beilstein/Gmelin | 1718733 |
| Beilstein Reference | 4-01-00-01289 |
| EPA OPP | 1501 |
| Swiss Giftliste 1 | G-1158 |
| Canada DSL/NDSL | DSL |
| US TSCA | Listed |
| Austrailia AICS | Listed |
| New Zealand | Listed |
| Japan ENCS (MITI) | Listed |
| Korea ECL | Listed |
| Properties. | |
| Formula | C2H6O |
| Formula mass | 46.07 |
| Melting point, °C | -117 |
| Boiling point, °C | 78.3 |
| Vapor pressure, mmHg | 60 (25 C) |
| Vapor density (air=1) | 1.59 |
| Saturation Concentration | 5.8% at 20 C |
| Evaporization number | 3.3 (butyl acetate = 1) |
| Critical temperature | 243 |
| Critical pressure | 63 |
| Density | 0.7895 g/cm3 (20 C) |
| Solubility in water | Miscible |
| Viscosity | 1.200 cp at 20C |
| Surface tension | 22.75 g/s2 in contact with vapor @ 20 C |
| Refractive index | 1.3629 (20 C) |
| Dipole moment | 1.7 D (20 C) |
| Dielectric constant | 24.3 (25 C) |
| Partition coefficient, pKow | -0.31 |
| Thermal expansion | 0.0011/K |
| Heat of fusion | 4.6 kJ/mol |
| Heat of vaporization | 42.6 kJ/mol |
| Heat of combustion | -1368 kJ/mol |
| Hazards and Protection. | |
| Storage | Keep away from heat, sparks, and flame. Keep away from sources of ignition. Store in a tightly closed container. Keep from contact with oxidizing materials. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances. Flammables-area. Do not store near perchlorates, peroxides, chromic acid or nitric acid. |
| WHMIS | B2 D2A D2B |
| Handling | Wash thoroughly after handling. Use only in a well ventilated area. Ground and bond containers when transferring material. Use spark-proof tools and explosion proof equipment. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Empty containers retain product residue, (liquid and/or vapor), and can be dangerous. Keep container tightly closed. Avoid contact with heat, sparks and flame. Avoid ingestion and inhalation. Do not pressurize, cut, weld, braze, solder, drill, grind, or expose empty containers to heat, sparks or open flames. |
| Protection | Eyes: Wear appropriate protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles as described by OSHA's eye and face protection regulations in 29 CFR 1910.133 or European Standard EN166. Skin: Wear appropriate protective gloves to prevent skin exposure. Clothing: Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin exposure. |
| Respirators | A respiratory protection program that meets OSHA's 29 CFR 1910.134 and ANSI Z88.2 requirements or European Standard EN 149 must be followed whenever workplace conditions warrant a respirator's use. |
| Small spills/leaks | Absorb spill with inert material, (e.g., dry sand or earth), then place into a chemical waste container. Remove all sources of ignition. Use a spark-proof tool. Provide ventilation. A vapor suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. |
| Stability | Stable under normal temperatures and pressures. |
| Incompatibilities | Strong oxidizing agents, acids, alkali metals, ammonia, hydrazine, peroxides, sodium, acid anhydrides, calcium hypochlorite, chromyl chloride, nitrosyl perchlorate, bromine pentafluoride, perchloric acid, silver nitrate, mercuric nitrate, potassium-tert-butoxide, magnesium perchlorate, acid chlorides, platinum, uranium hexafluoride, silver oxide, iodine heptafluoride, acetyl bromide, disulfuryl difluoride, tetrachlorosilane + water, acetyl chloride, permanganic acid, ruthenium (VIII) oxide, uranyl perchlorate, potassium dioxide. |
| Decomposition | Carbon monoxide, irritating and toxic fumes and gases, carbon dioxide. |
| Fire. | ||||
| Flash Point,°C | 17 | |||
| Autoignition, °C | 363 | |||
| Upper exp. limit, % | 19.0 | |||
| Lower exp. limit, % | 3.3 | |||
| Fire fighting | Wear full protective clothing and NIOSH-approved self-contained breathing apparatus with full facepiece operated in the pressure demand or other positive pressure mode. Water spray can be used to cool fire-exposed containers. Water may be used to flush spills away from exposures and to dilute spills to non-flammable mixtures. Water spray, dry chemical, alcohol foam, or carbon dioxide can be used to extinguish fire. | |||
| Fire potential | Flammable liquid and vapor. Dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame. | |||
| Hazards | Flashback along vapor trail may occur. Vapor may explode if ignited in an enclosed area. | |||
| Combustion products | Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. | |||
| NFPA | Health | 2 | ||
| Flammability | 3 | |||
| Reactivity | 0 | |||
| Health. | |
| Exposure limit(s) | OSHA PEL: TWA 1000 ppm (1900 mg/m3) NIOSH REL: TWA 1000 ppm (1900 mg/m3) NIOSH IDLH: 3300 ppm LEL |
| Poison_Class | - |
| Exposure effects | May cause reproductive and fetal effects. Laboratory experiments have resulted in mutagenic effects. Animal studies have reported the development of tumors. Prolonged exposure may cause liver, kidney, and heart damage. |
| Ingestion | May cause gastrointestinal irritation with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. May cause systemic toxicity with acidosis. May cause central nervous system depression, characterized by excitement, followed by headache, dizziness, drowsiness, and nausea. Advanced stages may cause collapse, unconsciousness, coma and possible death due to respiratory failure. |
| Inhalation | Inhalation of high concentrations may cause central nervous system effects characterized by headache, dizziness, unconsciousness and coma. Causes respiratory tract irritation. May cause narcotic effects in high concentration. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. |
| Skin | Causes skin irritation, cracking or flaking due to dehydration and defatting action. |
| Eyes | Can cause eye irritation. Splashes may cause temporary pain and blurred vision. |
First aid |
|
| Ingestion | Do NOT induce vomiting. If victim is conscious and alert, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical aid. |
| Inhalation | Remove from exposure to fresh air immediately. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical aid. DO NOT use mouth-to-mouth respiration. |
| Skin | Get medical aid. Wash clothing before reuse. Flush skin with plenty of soap and water. |
| Eyes | Get medical aid. Gently lift eyelids and flush continuously with water. |
| Transport. | ||
| UN number | 1170 | |
| Response guide | 127 | |
| Hazard class | 3 | |
| Packing Group | II; III | |
| USCG CHRIS Code | EAL | |
| USCG Compatatibility Group | 20 Alcohols, Glycols | |
| HS Code | 2207 10 00 | |
| Std. Transport # | 4910179 | |
| IMO Chemical Code | 18 | |
| IMO Pollution Category | III | |