Ethyl formate
- Formic acid, ethyl ester
- Ethyl methanoate
Ethyl formate | |
| |
| Formula | HCOOC2H5 |
| Structure | |
| Description | Colorless liquid with a fruity or aromatic odor. |
| Uses | In lacquer industry, in artificial silk manufacture as solvent for cellulose acetate, in manufacture of safety glass, in shoe industry as solvent for celluloid, insecticide. |
| Registry Numbers and Inventories. | |
| CAS | 109-94-4 |
| EC (EINECS/ELINCS) | 203-721-0 |
| EC Index Number | 607-015-00-7 |
| EC Class | Highly flammable; Harmful; Irritant |
| EC Risk Phrase | R 11 20/22 36/37 |
| EC Safety Phrase | S 9 16 24 26 33 |
| RTECS | LQ8400000 |
| RTECS class | Agricultural Chemical and Pesticide; Tumorigen; Primary Irritant |
| UN (DOT) | 1190 |
| Merck | 13,3841 |
| Beilstein/Gmelin | 906769 |
| Beilstein Reference | 4-02-00-00023 |
| EPA OPP | 43102 |
| Swiss Giftliste 1 | G-1185 |
| Canada DSL/NDSL | DSL |
| US TSCA | Listed |
| Austrailia AICS | Listed |
| New Zealand | Listed |
| Japan ENCS (MITI) | Listed |
| Korea ECL | Listed |
| Properties. | |
| Formula | C3H6O2 |
| Formula mass | 74.08 |
| Melting point, °C | -81 - -79 |
| Boiling point, °C | 148 |
| Vapor pressure, mmHg | 194 (20 C) |
| Vapor density (air=1) | 2.5 |
| Saturation Concentration | 252700 ppm (25.27%) at 20 C; 394800 ppm (39.48%) at 30 C (calculated) |
| Evaporization number | 1.8 (butyl acetate=1) |
| Critical temperature | 235 |
| Critical pressure | 46.6 |
| Density | 0.9208 g/cm3 (20 C) |
| Solubility in water | 9 g/100 mL |
| Viscosity | 0.402 cp (20 C) |
| Surface tension | 23.84 g/s2 (20 C) |
| Refractive index | 1.3597 (20 C) |
| Dielectric constant | 9.1 (20 C) |
| Partition coefficient, pKow | 0.23 |
| Heat of fusion | 9.2 kJ/mol |
| Heat of vaporization | 28.8 kJ/mol |
| Heat of combustion | -1624 kJ/mol |
| Hazards and Protection. | |
| Storage | Keep away from heat, sparks, and flame. Store in a tightly closed container. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances. Flammables-area. Keep in contact with calcium chloride. |
| WHMIS | B2 D2B |
| Handling | Wash thoroughly after handling. Use only in a well ventilated area. Ground and bond containers when transferring material. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Empty containers retain product residue, (liquid and/or vapor), and can be dangerous. Avoid ingestion and inhalation. Do not pressurize, cut, weld, braze, solder, drill, grind, or expose empty containers to heat, sparks or open flames. |
| Protection | Eyes: Wear appropriate protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles as described by OSHA's eye and face protection regulations in 29 CFR 1910.133 or European Standard EN166. Skin: Wear appropriate protective gloves to prevent skin exposure. Clothing: Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin exposure. |
| Respirators | Follow the OSHA respirator regulations found in 29CFR 1910.134 or European Standard EN 149. Always use a NIOSH or European Standard EN 149 approved respirator when necessary. |
| Small spills/leaks | Absorb spill with inert material, (e.g., dry sand or earth), then place into a chemical waste container. |
| Disposal code | 1 |
| Stability | Unstable. |
| Incompatibilities | Strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, strong bases. |
| Decomposition | Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide. |
| Fire. | ||||
| Flash Point,°C | -20 | |||
| Autoignition, °C | 440 | |||
| Upper exp. limit, % | 16.5 | |||
| Lower exp. limit, % | 2.7 | |||
| Fire fighting | Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear. Extremely flammable liquid. Vapors may be heavier than air. They can spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas. To extinguish fire, use water fog, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or regular foam. Contact professional fire-fighters immediately. | |||
| Fire potential | Moderately flammable. Combustion probable. | |||
| Hazards | Vapor is heavier than air and may travel long distance to a source of ignition and flash back. | |||
| Combustion products | Toxic gases and vapors (such as carbon monoxide) may be released in a fire involving ethyl formate. | |||
| NFPA | Health | 2 | ||
| Flammability | 3 | |||
| Reactivity | 0 | |||
| Health. | |
| Exposure limit(s) | TLV: 100 ppm; 303 mg/m3 (as TWA) (ACGIH 1996). OSHA PEL: TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m3) NIOSH REL: TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m3) NIOSH IDLH: 1500 ppm |
| Poison_Class | 4 |
| Exposure effects | Ethyl formate is a narcotic and may cause CNS depression leading to death due to circulatory and respiratory failure without convulsions or coma. No data were available to assess the teratogenic potential of this agent. <br>No data were available to assess the potential effects of exposure to this agent during pregnancy or lactation. |
| Ingestion | May cause severe gastrointestinal tract irritation with nausea, vomiting and possible burns. May be harmful if swallowed. |
| Inhalation | Exposure produces central nervous system depression. May cause severe irritation of the respiratory tract with possible burns. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Inhalation of high concentrations may cause narcotic effects. |
| Skin | Contact with skin causes irritation and possible burns, especially if the skin is wet or moist. |
| Eyes | Causes eye irritation and possible burns. |
First aid |
|
| Ingestion | If victim is conscious and alert, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical aid immediately. |
| Inhalation | Get medical aid immediately. Remove from exposure to fresh air immediately. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. |
| Skin | Get medical aid immediately. Immediately flush skin with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. |
| Eyes | Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid immediately. |
| Transport. | ||
| UN number | 1190 | |
| Response guide | 129 | |
| Hazard class | 3 | |
| Packing Group | II | |
| USCG CHRIS Code | EFM | |
| USCG Compatatibility Group | 34 Esters | |
| HS Code | 2915 13 00 | |
| Std. Transport # | 4908167 | |