Nitroethane

Formula CH3CH2NO2
Structure
Description Colorless liquid with a mild, fruity odor.
Uses Solvent for cellulose esters, vinyl, alkylated & other resins & waxes.

Registry Numbers and Inventories.
CAS 79-24-3
EC (EINECS/ELINCS) 201-188-9
EC Index Number 609-035-00-1
EC Class Flammable; Harmful
EC Risk Phrase R 10 20/22
EC Safety Phrase S 9 25 41
RTECS KI5600000
RTECS class Mutagen; Human Data
UN (DOT) 2842
Merck 12,6694
Beilstein/Gmelin 1209324
Beilstein Reference 4-01-00-00170
Swiss Giftliste 1 G-2637
Canada DSL/NDSL DSL
US TSCA Listed
Austrailia AICS Listed
New Zealand Listed
Japan ENCS (MITI) Listed
Korea ECL Listed

Odor Threshold Odor threshold 163 ppm
Properties.
Formula C2H5NO2
Formula mass 75.07
Melting point, °C -90
Boiling point, °C 114
Vapor pressure, mmHg 15.6 (20 C)
Vapor density (air=1) 2.58
Saturation Concentration About 20500 ppm (2.05%) at 25 C (calculated)
Evaporization number 1.2 (butyl acetate = 1)
Critical temperature 388
Density 1.0478 g/cm3 (20 C)
Solubility in water 45 g/L
Viscosity 0.661 cp at 25C
Surface tension 32.66 g/s2 at 20 C
Refractive index 1.3917 (20 C)
Dielectric constant 28 (30 C)
pKa/pKb 8.6 (pKa)
Partition coefficient, pKow 0.18
Heat of vaporization 41.6 kJ/mol
Heat of combustion -1362 kJ/mol

Hazards and Protection.
Storage Keep away from heat, sparks, and flame. Store in a tightly closed container. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances. Flammables-area. Store protected from moisture.
WHMIS B2
Handling Wash thoroughly after handling. Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. Ground and bond containers when transferring material. Use spark-proof tools and explosion proof equipment. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Empty containers retain product residue, (liquid and/or vapor), and can be dangerous. Avoid contact with heat, sparks and flame. Avoid ingestion and inhalation. Use only in a chemical fume hood. Do not pressurize, cut, weld, braze, solder, drill, grind, or expose empty containers to heat, sparks or open flames. Keep from contact with moist air and steam.
Protection Eyes: Wear appropriate protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles as described by OSHA's eye and face protection regulations in 29 CFR 1910.133 or European Standard EN166. Skin: Wear appropriate protective gloves to prevent skin exposure. Clothing: Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin exposure.
Respirators A respiratory protection program that meets OSHA's 29 CFR 1910.134 and ANSI Z88.2 requirements or European Standard EN 149 must be followed whenever workplace conditions warrant a respirator's use.
Small spills/leaks Avoid runoff into storm sewers and ditches which lead to waterways. Cover with sand, dry lime or soda ash and place in a closed container for disposal. Remove all sources of ignition. Use a spark-proof tool. Provide ventilation. A vapor suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.
Stability Stable at room temperature in closed containers under normal storage and handling conditions. May explode when heated. Hygroscopic: absorbs moisture or water from the air.
Incompatibilities Moisture, water, amines, bases, strong acids, stong alkalies, strong oxidizing agents, hydrocarbons, combustible materials, metal oxides, hydroxides, plastics, calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide.
Decomposition Nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, irritating and toxic fumes and gases, carbon dioxide, nitrogen.

Fire.
Flash Point,°C 29
Autoignition, °C 410
Upper exp. limit, % 17.3
Lower exp. limit, % 3.4
Fire fighting Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear. During a fire, irritating and highly toxic gases may be generated by thermal decomposition or combustion. Will burn if involved in a fire. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Containers may explode in the heat of a fire. May explode when heated. Extinguishing media: Use alcohol foam, carbon dioxide, or water spray when fighting fires involving this material. Use water spray to cool fire-exposed containers. Water may be ineffective. Do NOT use dry chemical. Do NOT use straight streams of water.
Fire potential HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
Hazards Flashback along vapor trail may occur.
Combustion products Toxic oxides of nitrogen may form in fire.
NFPA Health 2
  Flammability 3  
  Reactivity 3  

Health.
Exposure limit(s) TLV: 100 ppm; 307 mg/m3 (as TWA) (ACGIH 1991-1992). PDK: 30 mg/m3 (USSR 1988). OSHA PEL: TWA 100 ppm (310 mg/m3) NIOSH REL: TWA 100 ppm (310 mg/m3) NIOSH IDLH: 1000 ppm
Poison_Class 4
Exposure effects Effects may be delayed.
   Ingestion May cause gastrointestinal irritation with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Methemoglobinemia is characterized by dizziness, drowsiness, headache, breath shortness, cyanosis with bluish skin, rapid heart rate and chocolate-brown colored blood. Ingestion of large amounts may cause CNS depression. May be harmful if swallowed. May form methemoglobin which in sufficient concentration causes cyanosis.
   Inhalation Causes respiratory tract irritation. Aspiration may lead to pulmonary edema. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. May cause burning sensation in the chest.
   Skin Causes skin irritation. May cause dermatitis. May cause cyanosis of the extremities.
   Eyes Causes eye irritation. May cause chemical conjunctivitis and corneal damage.

First aid
 
   Ingestion Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical aid immediately. Do NOT induce vomiting. If conscious and alert, rinse mouth and drink 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water.
   Inhalation Get medical aid immediately. Remove from exposure to fresh air immediately. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Do not use mouth-to-mouth respiration if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; induce artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
   Skin Get medical aid immediately. Flush skin with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash clothing before reuse.
   Eyes Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid immediately.

Transport.
UN number 2842
Response guide 129
Hazard class 3
Packing Group III  
USCG CHRIS Code NTE  
USCG Compatatibility Group 42 Nitrocompounds
HS Code 2904 20 00  
Std. Transport # 4909192  
IMO Chemical Code 17
IMO Pollution Category D
IMO Hazard code S