Sodium hydroxide
- Caustic soda
- Soda lye
- Lye
- Sodium hydrate
Sodium hydroxide | |
| |
| Formula | NaOH |
| Structure | |
| Description | White, deliquescent pellets or flakes. Hygroscopic. |
| Uses | Vegetable oil refining, regenerating ion exchange resins, organic fusions, peeling of fruits and vegetables in food industry, etching and electroplating. |
| Registry Numbers and Inventories. | |
| CAS | 1310-73-2 |
| EC (EINECS/ELINCS) | 215-185-5 |
| EC Index Number | 011-002-00-6 |
| EC Class | Corrosive |
| EC Risk Phrase | R 35 |
| EC Safety Phrase | S 26 37/39 45 |
| RTECS | WB4900000 |
| RTECS class | Agricultural Chemical and Pesticide; Mutagen; Primary Irritant |
| UN (DOT) | 1823 |
| Merck | 12,8772 |
| Beilstein/Gmelin | 19031 (G) |
| EPA OPP | 75603 |
| Swiss Giftliste 1 | G-4492 |
| Canada DSL/NDSL | DSL |
| US TSCA | Listed |
| Austrailia AICS | Listed |
| New Zealand | Listed |
| Japan ENCS (MITI) | Listed |
| Korea ECL | Listed |
| Properties. | |
| Formula | HNaO |
| Formula mass | 40.00 |
| Melting point, °C | 323 |
| Boiling point, °C | 1390 |
| Vapor pressure, mmHg | 0.07 (300 C) |
| Saturation Concentration | 1980 ppm (0.2%) at 20 C (50 % solution) (calculated) |
| Density | 2.13 g/cm3 |
| Solubility in water | 1.1 kg/L |
| Viscosity | 4.0 cp at 350C. |
| Surface tension | 74.35 g/s2 at 18 C |
| Refractive index | 1.412 (420 C) |
| Dielectric constant | 57.5 (25 C) |
| pKa/pKb | Strong base |
| Thermal expansion | 8.4E-5/K (20 C) |
| Heat of fusion | 8.4 kJ/mol |
| Heat of vaporization | 175 kJ/mol |
| Hazards and Protection. | |
| Storage | Store in a tightly closed container. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances. Corrosives area. Store protected from moisture. Do not store with aluminum or magnesium. Do not mix with acids or organic materials. |
| WHMIS | E |
| Handling | Wash thoroughly after handling. Do not allow water to get into the container because of violent reaction. Minimize dust generation and accumulation. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Keep container tightly closed. Avoid ingestion and inhalation. Use with adequate ventilation. Discard contaminated shoes. |
| Protection | Eyes: Wear appropriate protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles as described by OSHA's eye and face protection regulations in 29 CFR 1910.133 or European Standard EN166. Skin: Wear appropriate protective gloves to prevent skin exposure. Clothing: Wear appropriate protective clothing to minimize contact with skin. |
| Respirators | If the exposure limit is exceeded and engineering controls are not feasible, a half facepiece particulate respirator (NIOSH type N95 or better filters) may be worn for up to ten times the exposure limit or the maximum use concentration specified by the appropriate regulatory agency or respirator supplier, whichever is lowest.. A full-face piece particulate respirator (NIOSH type N100 filters) may be worn up to 50 times the exposure limit, or the maximum use concentration specified by the appropriate regulatory agency, or respirator supplier, whichever is lowest. If oil particles (e.g. lubricants, cutting fluids, glycerine, etc.) are present, use a NIOSH type R or P filter. For emergencies or instances where the exposure levels are not known, use a full-facepiece positive-pressure, air-supplied respirator. |
| Small spills/leaks | Vacuum or sweep up material and place into a suitable disposal container. Avoid runoff into storm sewers and ditches which lead to waterways. Clean up spills immediately, using the appropriate protective equipment. Avoid generating dusty conditions. Provide ventilation. |
| Stability | Stable at room temperature in closed containers under normal storage and handling conditions. |
| Incompatibilities | Sodium hydroxide in contact with acids and organic halogen compounds, especially trichloroethylene, may causes violent reactions. Contact with nitromethane and other similar nitro compounds causes formation of shock-sensitive salts. Contact with metals such as aluminum, magnesium, tin, and zinc cause formation of flammable hydrogen gas. Sodium hydroxide, even in fairly dilute solution, reacts readily with various sugars to produce carbon monoxide |
| Decomposition | Irritating and toxic fumes and gases, toxic fumes of sodium oxide, sodium peroxide fumes. |
| Fire. | ||||
| Fire fighting | In the event of a fire, wear full protective clothing and NIOSH-approved self-contained breathing apparatus with full facepiece operated in the pressure demand or other positive pressure mode. Use any means suitable for extinguishing surrounding fire. Adding water to caustic solution generates large amounts of heat. | |||
| Fire potential | Nonflammable. Not considered to be a fire hazard. Hot or molten material can react violently with water. Can react with certain metals, such as aluminum, to generate flammable hydrogen gas. | |||
| Hazards | Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. | |||
| Combustion products | Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. | |||
| NFPA | Health | 4 | ||
| Flammability | 0 | |||
| Reactivity | 4 | |||
| Health. | |
| Exposure limit(s) | OSHA PEL: TWA 2 mg/m3 NIOSH REL: C 2 mg/m3 NIOSH IDLH: 10 mg/m3 |
| Poison_Class | 4 |
| Exposure effects | Prolonged or repeated skin contact may cause dermatitis. Effects may be delayed. |
| Ingestion | May cause severe and permanent damage to the digestive tract. Causes gastrointestinal tract burns. May cause perforation of the digestive tract. Causes severe pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and shock. May cause corrosion and permanent tissue destruction of the esophagus and digestive tract. May cause systemic effects. |
| Inhalation | Irritation may lead to chemical pneumonitis and pulmonary edema. Causes severe irritation of upper respiratory tract with coughing, burns, breathing difficulty, and possible coma. Causes chemical burns to the respiratory tract. Aspiration may lead to pulmonary edema. May cause systemic effects. |
| Skin | Causes skin burns. May cause deep, penetrating ulcers of the skin. May cause skin rash (in milder cases), and cold and clammy skin with cyanosis or pale color. |
| Eyes | Causes eye burns. May cause chemical conjunctivitis and corneal damage. |
First aid |
|
| Ingestion | Do NOT induce vomiting. If victim is conscious and alert, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water. Get medical aid immediately. |
| Inhalation | Get medical aid immediately. Remove from exposure to fresh air immediately. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. DO NOT use mouth-to-mouth respiration. If breathing has ceased apply artificial respiration using oxygen and a suitable mechanical device such as a bag and a mask. |
| Skin | Get medical aid. Flush skin with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash clothing before reuse. Discard contaminated clothing in a manner which limits further exposure. |
| Eyes | Get medical aid. Do NOT allow victim to rub or keep eyes closed. Extensive irrigation is required (at least 30 minutes). |
| Transport. | ||
| UN number | 1823 | |
| Response guide | 154 | |
| Hazard class | 8 | |
| Packing Group | II | |
| USCG CHRIS Code | CSS | |
| USCG Compatatibility Group | 5 Caustics | |
| HS Code | 2815 11 00 | |
| Std. Transport # | 4931314 | |
| IMO Chemical Code | 17 | |
| IMO Pollution Category | D | |
| IMO Hazard code | S | |