o-Chlorobenzylidene malononitrile
- [(2-Chlorophenyl)methylene]propanedinitrile
- o-Chlorobenzalmalononitrile
- [(2-Chlorophenyl)methylene]malononitrile
o-Chlorobenzylidene malononitrile | |
| |
| Formula | C10H5ClN2 |
| Structure | |
| Description | White crystalline solid or light beige powder. Odor of pepper. |
| Uses | It is used primarily as an incapacitating agent, both by military & law enforcement personnel. It can be disseminated in burning grenades & weapon-fired projectiles, as an aerosol from the finely divided solid chemical, or from a solution of the chemical dissolved in methylene chloride or acetone. |
| Registry Numbers and Inventories. | |
| CAS | 2698-41-1 |
| EC (EINECS/ELINCS) | 220-278-9 |
| RTECS | OO3675000 |
| RTECS class | Tumorigen; Mutagen; Reproductive Effector; Human Data; Primary Irritant |
| UN (DOT) | 2810 |
| Merck | 12,2178 |
| Beilstein/Gmelin | 1866635 |
| Beilstein Reference | 2-09-00-00641 |
| RCRA | U149 |
| Swiss Giftliste 1 | G-8001 |
| Canada DSL/NDSL | NDSL |
| US TSCA | Listed |
| New Zealand | Listed |
| Korea ECL | Listed |
| Properties. | |
| Formula | C10H5ClN2 |
| Formula mass | 188.62 |
| Melting point, °C | 95.2 - 95.8 |
| Boiling point, °C | 310 |
| Vapor pressure, mmHg | 0.0005 (25 C) |
| Density | 1.389 g/cm3 (25 C) |
| Solubility in water | Insoluble |
| Partition coefficient, pKow | 2.67 |
| Heat of vaporization | 55.4 kJ/mol |
| Hazards and Protection. | |
| Storage | Keep in a cool, dry, dark location in a tightly sealed container or cylinder. Keep away from incompatible materials, ignition sources and untrained individuals. Secure and label area. Protect containers/cylinders from physical damage. |
| Handling | All chemicals should be considered hazardous. Avoid direct physical contact. Use appropriate, approved safety equipment. Untrained individuals should not handle this chemical or its container. Handling should occur in a chemical fume hood. |
| Protection | Wear appropriate protective gloves, clothing and goggles. |
| Respirators | Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). |
| Small spills/leaks | If a spill of this chemical occurs, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with acetone and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with acetone to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with acetone followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. |
| Stability | No data. |
| Incompatibilities | May react with strong oxidizers. |
| Decomposition | When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of hydrogen chloride, nitrogen oxides and cyanides. |
| Fire. | ||||
| Flash Point,°C | 148 | |||
| Fire fighting | Fires involving this compound should be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. | |||
| Fire potential | Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. | |||
| Hazards | When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors, and sewers explosion hazards. | |||
| Combustion products | Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. | |||
| Health. | |
| Exposure limit(s) | NIOSH REL: C 0.05 ppm (0.4 mg/m3) [skin] OSHA PEL: TWA 0.05 ppm (0.4 mg/m3) IDLH 2 mg/m3 |
| Poison_Class | 2 |
| Exposure effects | Agitation and syncope, both attributed to panic, have been reported. |
| Ingestion | A metallic taste with a burning sensation of the tongue is common. Nausea is common; vomiting occurs occasionally. Epigastric discomfort and burping may occur if tear gas is swallowed. |
| Inhalation | Cough, rhinorrhea, sneezing, chest tightness, and laryngospasm may occur shortly following exposure due to the irritant effects. |
| Skin | Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. See Inhalation. |
| Eyes | See Inhalation. |
First aid |
|
| Ingestion | DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Corrosive chemicals will destroy the membranes of the mouth, throat, and esophagus and, in addition, have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Transport the victim IMMEDIATELY to a hospital. |
| Inhalation | IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used. |
| Skin | IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas. |
| Eyes | First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. |
| Transport. | ||
| UN number | 2810 | |
| Response guide | 153 | |
| Hazard class | 6.1 | |
| Packing Group | I; II; III | |